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Geminio
From the Latin "gemino", meaning "I double" or "I repeat".
This spell replicates an object, creating an exact copy. Either one copy or a number of copies can be created, as the caster desires. Hermione used Geminio to create a replica of Slytherin's locket when Harry had retrieved it from around Dolores Umbridge's neck, so that she would not suspect that anything was wrong [DH13]. This magic is also used as a security measure in Gringotts Bank. In this case, treasure stored in the vaults has been charmed to replicate many times if touched. That way, any would-be thief will be unable to detect the genuine gold or items he is trying to steal. Griphook told Harry that if anyone tried to repeatedly handle treasure that was not theirs, they would eventually be crushed to death by the expanding gold [DH26].
Gemino Curse
See "Geminio".
Glisseo
From the French "glisse", meaning "slip".
Glisseo flattens a flight of stairs so that it becomes a slide. Hermione cast this to help herself, Harry and Ron to escape from some Death Eaters during the Battle of Hogwarts. They flung themselves down the resultant slide, shooting through a tapestry at the bottom. When the Death Eaters followed them down, Hermione thoughtfully used Duro to turn the tapestry into stone, and they studded painfully into it [DH32].
Golden Fire
When Harry's wand took it upon itself to defend him from Voldemort, it produced a spurt of golden fire that broke the wand that Voldemort was using [DH4]. No other known magic produces this effect, so it is included here as a spell in its own right.
Gripping Charm
The Gripping Charm allows a person to grasp an object more effectively. It was invented in 1875 and is primarily used in Quidditch to allow the Chasers to handle the Quaffle one-handed whilst still keeping a grip on their brooms [QA].
Growth Charm
Similar to the Enlargement Charm and the Engorgement Charm, this spell causes the target to increase in size. The precise differences between these three enchantments are unknown. Harry got confused during his Charms OWL and cast a Growth Charm on a rat he was meant to be turning orange. It had grown to the size of a badger before he could stop it [OOTP31].
Gubraithian Fire
This is everlasting fire, the result of an enchantment. When Hagrid and Maxime went as envoys to the Giants after the rebirth of Lord Voldemort, they took with them a branch that was enchanted with Gubraithian Fire to give as a gift to the Gurg. The spell that produces this fire is complex, and according to Hagrid at least "isn' somethin' any wizard could do" [OOTP20].
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